Julia (1.7) behaves pretty similar to the Python 2 one, a printed error related to closing the stream, and a 0 error code.

    ~ >>> julia -e 'print("Hello world")' > /dev/full
    error in running finalizer: Base.SystemError(prefix="close", errnum=28, extrainfo=nothing)
    #systemerror#69 at ./error.jl:174
    systemerror##kw at ./error.jl:174
    systemerror##kw at ./error.jl:174
    #systemerror#68 at ./error.jl:173 [inlined]
    systemerror at ./error.jl:173 [inlined]
    close at ./iostream.jl:63
    ⋮

    ~ >>> echo $?
    0

`errnum=28` apparently refers to the ENOSPC error: "No space left on device" as defined by POSIX.1; so the information is there, even if not in the most presentable form.