Here's a screenshot of the detailed breakdown: http://i.imgur.com/WA37A.png . The "FROM" column is Chrome, the "TO" column is stock. Some tests Chrome wins, some stock.
Anandtech did a Sunspider comparison with Chrome slightly trailing stock and both somewhat behind Firefox 10. Not really gamebreaking differences though.
I believe that both browsers are based on WebKit and V8 (that's what they've said about the stock browser in the past, anyway), so your results aren't too surprising. The Chrome app adds a bunch of new features, better UI, and makes the browser into a real, bona fide app.
Sunspider results:
(tested on HP Touchpad with CM9 A.06)edit:
I was curious and redid it after rebooting:
So it turns out it's faster on systems under load, but actually slightly slower on freshly booted one. Weird.In case anyone is interested in full benchmarks:
Stock: http://u.42.pl/2HRq
Chrome: http://u.42.pl/2HRp