Does anyone know, are there any Macs that can drive this in Retina mode? Does OSX on Mac desktops support retina mode for arbitrary monitors, or does OSX tie Retina mode exclusively to Macbook Pro Retina screens?
My 27" iMac can run in 1280x720 "HiDPI Mode", which is just the native resolution of 2560x1440 cut in half (quarters?). It's a native feature in OS X, although it has to be enabled manually before it shows up.
Running it well? No, with the one exception of the Mac Pro, which can supports 3 such monitors at once, but it has a GPU vastly more powerful than any Intel GPU inside the Macbooks.
Iris Pro (5200+) is just now the starting point for running a 2.5k resolution (half of 4k) well enough. Anything less still struggles with 2.5k resolutions on a "full OS" like Mac OS/Windows/Linux. So if you want an Intel GPU running it, or anything at that level, you'll need to wait for a version that has 2x the performance of 5200, and then get a 4k monitor.
I own the Seiki 4K 50" The launch version of the retina MBP is artificially limited to, I believe 16hz. There are firmware hacks floating around to get this number to 24Hz (and above, IIRC).
Check your cable's version if you're using the latest MBP. Also, check if your output device can handle it. My dell u3011 can't handle even 2560x1600 through HDMI (which it has 2 for some reason).