Yes, you can make/use local vaults (and sync them e.g. using Dropbox) on iOS/macOS with a membership. Open 1Password, then "Preferences -> Advanced -> Allow creation of vaults outside of 1Password accounts".
Well, you can use third-party syncing with local vaults to sync with family members, e.g. using Dropbox sync with a Dropbox shared folder to share your vault with a family member. This just doesn't fall under the heading of "team" or "family" syncing.
I am pretty sure that you are wrong. If you add a vault to e.g. Dropbox, you can share it. My wife and I had been doing this for years, even when we switched to a subscription. This was also AgileBits's supported/advised way of sharing vaults before 1password.com.
They now just recommend using their 1password.com service for sharing.
edit: I thought it was, but not sure.